Understanding Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is a subtype of depression characterized by symptoms that mirror those of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). However, these symptoms are seasonally patterned, typically emerging in the late fall and winter months and subsiding in the spring or summer.

Symptoms of Major Depressive Disorder include:

• Feeling depressed most of the day, nearly every day
• Feeling hopeless or worthless
• Having low energy
• Losing interest in activities once enjoyed
• Sleep disturbances
• Changes in appetite or weight
• Feeling sluggish or agitated
• Lack of sexual energy (libido)
• Difficulty concentrating
• Frequent thoughts of death or suicide

In addition to these symptoms, Seasonal Affective Disorder may introduce season-specific manifestations, such as:

• Hypersomnia (excessive sleepiness or drowsiness)
• Overeating
• Weight gain
• Craving for carbohydrates
• Social withdrawal or a desire to “hibernate”

SAD follows a cyclical pattern, with symptoms recurring at the same times each year. While the exact cause of SAD is not fully understood, it is often associated with reduced exposure to natural sunlight during the fall and winter months, leading to disruptions in circadian rhythms and changes in neurotransmitter levels.

If you suspect you are experiencing symptoms of SAD, seeking professional help is crucial. Effective treatments, including light therapy, psychotherapy, and medication, can be tailored to address the unique challenges posed by Seasonal Affective Disorder, providing relief and improving overall well-being.